A Baliba'an fertility goddess was a goddess which was believed to increase fertility and new life to the people who worshipped her.

During Dr. Mark Piper's long Starfleet career, he was presented with a carving of a Baliba'an goddess by some Oritixx traders that he had treated after they narrowly survived the destruction of their vessel. Dr. Piper didn't really have any need of the goddess what with having five children and fifteen grandchildren, so he displayed the carving in his office in sickbay. (TOS - My Brother's Keeper novel: Constitution)