The Cochrane Institute of Alpha Centauri was a human institution on Alpha Centauri. Named for Zefram Cochrane, the institute was dedicated to technological research and development, including warp propulsion, starship design and transporter technology.

During 2155 at the time of the Earth-Romulan War, the Cochrane Insitute was working with the United Earth Starfleet in developing a warp seven engine as part of a technological race between Earth and Romulus who were also engaged in a similar form of research. (ENT novel: Beneath the Raptor's Wing) In the 22nd century, the Cochrane Institute teamed with Earth scientists in developing the first transporter. (DS9 short story: "Dead Man's Hand")

In the 2260s, scientists from the Cochrane Institute were dispatched to Talin IV to study the wreckage of the USS Enterprise. (TOS novel: Prime Directive)