The Federation Judiciary Council is the 13-member committee of the Council of the United Federation of Planets that has jurisdiction over legal and judicial issues.

In 2380, Federation President Nanietta Bacco nominated to the Judiciary Council Federation Councillor Eleana of Delta IV; while controversial, her nomination was eventually confirmed, and she cast the deciding vote in the controversial case involving the fate of the Soong-type android known as B-4 that year. (Articles of the Federation.)

In the novel, the Judiciary Council is described as being the highest legal authority in the Federation. This seems to contradict "Dr. Bashir, I Presume?," a DS9 episode in which the highest judicial body in the Federation is established to be the Federation Supreme Court. One might presume that the Supreme Court and the Judiciary Council are the same bodies; that the Judiciary Council was established after that episode; or that the Supreme Court sometimes hands precedent-setting cases to the Judiciary Council.