The Homo Hansonii were a primitive anthropoid species native to Hansen's Planet.
History
By 2163, they were advanced enough to use stone spears and employ hunting strategies against the away team of the USS Pioneer. They approached the Starfleet officers unnoticed and ambushed them, then herded them toward a hill side to trap them, before they were scared off by a photonic torpedo detonation in the atmosphere. (ENT - Rise of the Federation novel: A Choice of Futures)
The anthropoids discovered on Taurus II in 2267 were compared to the Homo Hansonii, despite being much larger. (TOS episode & novelization: The Galileo Seven)